Surveying instrument.



PATMWED JULY 4, 1905.

(I. BAEBGW SUR'V'EYNG NSTRUMBNT.

APPLIGA'HON FILED Nov. 26, 1m.

2 SHBETS-SHEET l.

PMENTED JULY L 1905.

NARROW* SRVEYING INSTRUMENT.

APPLIUATION FILED Nov. 26, 1904.

2 SHEBTSSHBET 2.

WITNESSES:

nlimitnaar@ felini/tiras Patented July 4c, i905,

irrita JOSEPH luAlilOll/r, UF PUltlLi-XND, OREGON.

SPECIFICATON forming part of Letters Patent No. "794,071, dated July 4, i905.

lrplleation Bled November 26, 1904. Serial No, 234,373.

To 11,7] 11171/0111J H; 11M/,1] concern,.-

ll'ie it known that l, Josera Bru-mom residing at .liortlamh in the county ol h/iultnomah and State ot' (flregon` have invented certain new and usetul improvements in Surveying ll'istrumei'lts, of which the following is a speciilication.

This invention relates to the class oi surveying and measuring instruments more particularl y adapted for measuring altitudes and distances without the use of' trigonometrical calculations; and it more particularly seeks to provide an instrument olE this character olE a very simple and durable ctmstruction which will readily serve its intended purposes.

Agaii1 my invention seeks to provide an instrument oi: this character which is particularly adapted for measuring the height ot' trees, theh' diameters at diti'erent points, etc., so as to enable tlal operator to determine the amount ol board material therein and so as to enable him the more accurately to calculate the approximate amount ot' timber on a given section ot' land and to deterlnine its value as timber-land.

(jrenerically, my invention includes a `foldable member having' suitable calibrations and leveling devices For making the measurements required.

lVith other objects in view, which will hereinafter be 'lully apparent, the invention consists in certain novel construction and combination ol parts, which will be lirst fully de.- scribed in detail and then specilically pointed out in the appended claims. reference being had to the accompanying' drawings, in whichlllligure l is a perspective view showing the parts in their open position. Fig. is a similar View, the parts being'lolded together. Fig. 3 is a diagrammatic view showing the instrument as applied for use in determining the height oi trees. Fig. 4 is a similar view showing how the same may be used to determine the diameter oi trees. Fig. 5 is a similar view showing how the same may he used to determine the depression ol an object. Fig.

other horizontal distances.

larged detail view hereinafter specilically relerred to.

`ltet'erring now to the accompanying' drawings` in which like charactersoil reference indicate like parts in all ol the ligm'es, it will be seen the instrument comprises a base l, provided with a chamber il, closed by a door l, as shown. ln the chamber l l dispose a spirit or other level Q for adjusting the base l in a horizontal position. A, door l", provided on its inner tace with a mirror l", whereby the portion ol the level 2 may be readily determined during the sighting ot the instrument, is hinged to the base l.

llingi-adly secured at 3 to the base l., near one end olf the said base, is an arm which when the parts are [folded rests against the base l, but which when the parte are in their operative position extends at an angle to the base l, as shown in Fig. l.

e designates an arc-[dateJ1 (shown in detail in Fig. i) which is secured to the base l at the joint between the base and the arm 3, and thel said plate fl: is graduated according to a square throughout a quadrant of a circle, the middle line E being the equal-line and graduated to read inversely from the middle line E to the Zero-lines L0 O, each hal l: ot' the quadrant being divided trom 0 to lil (forty-live degrees) into sixteen subdivisions, each correspomling to a d epression equal to one-sixteenth oi the distance Alrom the object, as will be more fully apparent later. The arm 3 is also graduated into equal divisions from end to end lor a purpose also presently understood.

5 5"' designato a pair olE lioldable sights which when in operation project at right angles to theI base l and the arm 3, one of said sights being' carried by the base l and the other, 5", being carried by the arm 3. Wi hen not in use, the sights 5 5 may be folded against the base l and arm 3, as clearly shown in Fig. 2.

lo aid in determining the distance between the sights 5 5 when my instrun'ient is being used to determine the diameter ot' trees, lV provide an arc-plate (t secured to the arm 3 and passing through a slot ilX in the base L and this arc-plate 6 is graduated into tenths and one-hundredths of an inch divisions, the distance between the sights 5 5Ll being thereby magnified a number of times depending upon the relative distances of the sights 5 5 and .the arc -plate 6 from the center lA ofthe arm and base-hinge.

7 designates a second arm hinged at 7 to the opposite end of the base 1 and adapted to open out te form an extension of the base 1 (see Fig. 1) when desired and when not in use to fold up against the base alongside of the arm 3, as clearly shown in Fig'. Q.

The arms 7 and 3 and the base 1 may be provided with one or more sights .s of any approved type, if found desirable, althoug'h the successful operation of my invention does not depend thereon.

At present the more general method of use in determining the value of timber-land is for the estimator to determine the average size of. the trees and the amount of lumber therein contained and then multiply it by the number of trees in the given section or subsection or division of land, thus indirectly determining' the amount of lumber in that particularland division. r1`he method at present in use for estimating the amount of lumber in the average tree is simply for the estimator by means of his own knowledge or eX- perience in such work to guess at the amount of lumber in said tree, a very unsatisfactory and uncertain method, the estimates of diiierent estimators being almost invariably different from each other. To overcome this unsatisfactory method to a large degree, I have invented my new and improved instrument, which operates substantially in the manner now to be explained.

By referring now more particularly to Fig. 3 of the drawings the operator moves the arm 3 to extend at right ang'les to the base 1, the arm 7 being still folded against the base. Now the operator sights across the edges m a/ of the base 1 and arm 3, respectively, along' the line marked to and moves toward or from the object whose height is to be determined until the line of sight along' 450 falls at the desired point at the top of the object. The horizontal distance between the eye of the operator and the base of the object operated upon is then measured by the ordinary meansviz., by ordinary rule measurement. The height of the object will then be equal to the horizontal distance between the object and the operator, on the principle that in a l right-angled triangle the side opposite an acute angle is equal to the side adjacent. It should be understood that while the operator i is making the measurement just referred to he i will of course maintain the base 1 in the horii zontal position, the position of the base being' readily read by the level 2 reiected in the mirroron thedoor1],thedoorbeing'open. Nowby l simply unfolding the arm 7 and sighting' from l the end of the arm 7 across the end of the arm 3 the mean height of the object will be at once determined. Instead of unfolding the arms v 7 the operator, if he so desires, may sight from the edge of the base 1 through the divisions marked on the arm 3, when the mean height of the object will also be directly determined. Should for any reason it be found impossible to get close enough to the object to determine its height by sighting across the edge of the base 1 and the extreme edge of the arm 3, the operator may unfold the arm 7 to extend the base and sight from the extreme edge of the said arm 7 across the extreme edge of the arm 3 until the line of sight along the line marked 260 34 falls at the top of the object or tree, the height of which object will be then equal to one-half of the distance between the operator and the object. By then sighting through the division mark of the arm 3 the mean height of the object can be readily obtained. Now

to determine the diameter of the object at this point of mean height the operator standing in the same position then places the instrument in the position shown in Fig. et, the sights 5 5LL being then turned at right angles to the base 1 and arm 3. The operator then sights from the end of the instrument until the side lines of the tree or other object coincide with the sights 5 5. Knowing then the distance between the operator and the object and the ratio of distance between the sights 5 5 as determined by the arc-plate 6, the diameter of the tree will be readily obtained. For example, supposing' the diagonal distance is found to be two hundred feet, the arcplate reading' .03, the sights between 5 5 will be then .01. Multiplying the diagonal distance by the space between the sights 5 5, it will be readily seen that the diameter of the object will be twenty inches. To determine the depression of an object below the horizontal, the instrument is then placed in the position shown in Fig. 5 and the object is sighted along the top edge of the arm 3 in the direction of the arrow mf, the base 1 being held horizontally and the arm 3 moved up and down until the proper angle between the arm 3 and the base 1 is reached. Then by reading the scale a the amount of depression can be noted at a glance. For instance, assuming the Operator to be two hundred feet from the object and the reading of the scale LL to be at E (see full lines, Fig'. 5) then the depression of the object below the horizontal will be equal to the distance of the operator from the object,or two hundred feet. Again, assuming the reading of the scale 4 to be onefourth (see dotted lines, Fig. 5) then the depression of the object would be equal to onefonrth of the distance of the operator from the object, or fifty feet.

Then my invention is used for determining horizontal distances, such as the width of IOO IIO

pair of arms hingedly secured to the base, one of said arms having graduations and an arc-plate cooperating with the base and the arm.

4. An apparatus of the character stat-ed, comprising a base, means for leveling' said base, a fold able arm having a slotted end and hinged ly secured to the base, a gage-plate secured to the base and entering into the slotted end of the arm for cooperatingwith the arm and the base to indicate the depression of an object for the purposes specified.

5. An instrument of the character stated, comprising a base having a chamber, a level held in said chamber, a door for said chamber, a reflector carried by said door, an arm secured to said base, said arm adapted to be folded against the base, a gage-plate secured to the base and cooperating with said arm for determining the depression of an object for the purposes specified.

6. An instrument of the character stated, comprising' a base having a chamber, a level held in said chamber, a door for said chamber, a reiiector carried by said door, an arm secured to said base, said arm adapted to be folded against the base, a gage-plate secured to the base and cooperating with said arm for determining the depression of an object, said arm having graduations, said arm and said base being so arranged as to indicate the height of an object for the purposes specified.

7. Aninstrument of the character stated, comprising a base having a chamber, a level held in said chamber, a door for said chamber, a reflector carried by said door, an arm secured to said base, said arm adapted to be folded against the base, a gage-plate secured to the base and cooperating with said arm for determining` the depression of an object, said arm having graduations, said arm and said base being so arranged as to indicate the height of an object, and means for determining the diameter of an object.

8. An instrument of the character stated, comprising' a base having a chamber, a level held therein, a door for said chamber, a mirror carried by said door, a graduated arm hingedly secured to said base to be folded thereagainst, a gage-plate secured to the base at the Ijointure of the base with the arm to indicate the depression of an object, a sight secured to said arm, a second sight secured to said base, a graduated arc-plate secured to said arm for determining the distance between said sights for the purposes spccilied.

9. An instrument of thc character stated, comprising' a base having a chamber. a level held therein, a door for said chamber, a mirror carried by said door, a graduated arm hingedly secured to said base to fold thereagainst, a gage-plate secured to the base at the jointure of the base with the arm to indicate the depression of an object, a sight secured to said arm, a second sight secured to said base, a graduated arc-plate secured to said arm for determining' the distance between said sights, a second arm hingedly secured to said base and adapted to be unfolded to form an extension of the base,substantiall y as shown and for the purposes described.

l0. An instrument of the character stated, comprising an apertured base, a pair of arms hing'edly secured thereto, a sight carried by one of said arms, a second sight carried by the base, an arc-plate secured to said sightcarrying' arm and projecting' into the base-aperture for the purposes speciiied.

l1. An instrument of the character stated, comprising an apertured base, a pair of arms hingcdly secured thereto, a sight carried by one of said arms, a second sight carried by the base, an arc-plate secured to said sightcarrying' arm and projecting into the base-aperture, a gage-plate carried by the base and cooperating with said sight-carrying arms, substantially as shown and for the purposes described.

12. An instrument of the character stated, comprising an apertured base, a pair of arms hingedly secured thereto, a sight carried by one of said arms, a second sight carried by the base, an arc-plate secured to 'said sightcarrying arm and projecting into the base-aperture, a gage-plate carried by the base and coperating with said sight-carrying arms, and means for leveling' said base, substantially as shown and for the purposes described.

13. An instrument of the character stated, comprising a base having a chamber, a level held within said chamber, a hinged door for said chamber, a reflector carried by said door, a foldable arm hingedly secured to the base near one end thereof, a gage-plate secured to the base near one end thereof and coperating with said arm, a sight carried by said arm, a second sight carried by said base, an arcplate secured to said arm, said base having an aperture to receive said arc-plate, said arcplate cooperating with said base and said arm to determine the distance between said sights, a second arm hingedly secured to the base at the other end and adapted to form an extension thereof, both of said arms being so arranged as to fold against the base, substantially as shown and for the purposes specified.

JOSEPH BARBOV.

Vitn ess es:

OoLusBv YOUNG, A. T. Lnwis.

IOO 

